docs: README 改为英文默认,中文版移到 README.zh-CN.md
- README.md 英文,顶部有简体中文链接 - README.zh-CN.md 中文,顶部有 English 链接 - 补上安装/发布下载、macOS quarantine、CI 只跑 GitHub 的说明
This commit is contained in:
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# SSH_TOOLS
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# sshtools
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Go 实现的 SSH 命令行工具集,对标 PuTTY 的 plink / pscp:单个静态二进制,纯 Go,不依赖本机
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Non-interactive SSH command-line tools for scripts: **golink** replaces PuTTY's
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OpenSSH,也不需要安装任何运行时。
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`plink`, **goscp** replaces the upload half of `pscp`.
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当前包含 **golink**(对应 plink)和 **goscp**(对应 pscp 的上传方向)。
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Plain Go, `CGO_ENABLED=0`, one static binary per platform. The SSH stack and all
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cryptography (RSA, ECDSA, Ed25519, AES-GCM, ChaCha20-Poly1305, SHA-2) are Go's
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own implementation compiled into the binary -- nothing links against the system
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OpenSSL and nothing has to be installed alongside it.
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---
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**English** | [简体中文](README.zh-CN.md)
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## Install
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Download the binary for your platform from the
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[latest release](../../releases/latest), then `chmod +x` it.
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| Platform | golink | goscp |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| Windows x86-64 | `golink_windows_amd64.exe` | `goscp_windows_amd64.exe` |
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| Windows ARM64 | `golink_windows_arm64.exe` | `goscp_windows_arm64.exe` |
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| Linux x86-64 | `golink_linux_amd64` | `goscp_linux_amd64` |
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| Linux ARM64 | `golink_linux_arm64` | `goscp_linux_arm64` |
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| macOS Intel | `golink_darwin_amd64` | `goscp_darwin_amd64` |
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| macOS Apple Silicon | `golink_darwin_arm64` | `goscp_darwin_arm64` |
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SHA256SUMS is attached to every release.
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On macOS a downloaded binary carries the quarantine attribute; clear it once with
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`xattr -d com.apple.quarantine ./golink`.
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## The contract both tools share
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- they never prompt: not for a password, not for a host key, not for anything;
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- they never allocate a terminal or open an interactive shell;
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- stdout carries only the remote program's stdout, diagnostics go to stderr;
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- exit codes are meaningful (see each tool below);
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- every credential is supplied up front, so they are safe inside cron jobs and CI.
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## golink
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## golink
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非交互 SSH 命令执行器:连上去、跑一条命令、把远端退出码原样带回来。
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Connect, run one command, and return that command's exit status.
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**从不提示密码、从不询问主机密钥、从不分配终端**,所以可以直接放进脚本和定时任务。
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### 你要的那行,原样可用
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```
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golink user@host -p "password" -port 22 -command "命令"
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```
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Go 标准库的 flag 遇到第一个位置参数就停止解析,所以 golink 在解析前把参数重排了一遍:
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位置参数在前、flag 在后、或者混着写,都能正确识别。
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### 示例
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```bash
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```bash
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# 最普通的一条
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golink user@host -p "password" -port 22 -command "command"
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```
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Go's `flag` package stops parsing at the first positional argument, so golink
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reorders `argv` before parsing: the target may come first, last, or in between,
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and flags may be written in any order.
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### Examples
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```bash
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# the common case
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golink root@10.0.0.5 -p 'secret' -port 22 -command "uptime && df -h"
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golink root@10.0.0.5 -p 'secret' -port 22 -command "uptime && df -h"
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# 密码走环境变量,不出现在 ps 和 shell history 里
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# password from the environment, so it stays out of ps and shell history
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GOLINK_PASSWORD='secret' golink deploy@web1 -command "systemctl restart nginx"
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GOLINK_PASSWORD='secret' golink deploy@web1 -command "systemctl restart nginx"
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# 远端退出码原样返回,脚本里可以直接判断
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# the remote exit status is passed through, so this works
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if golink ci@build1 -p "$PASS" -command "make test"; then echo 通过; else echo "失败: $?"; fi
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if golink ci@build1 -p "$PASS" -command "make test"; then echo passed; else echo "failed: $?"; fi
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# 本地 stdin 直接喂给远端命令
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# feed local stdin to the remote command
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tar czf - ./src | golink root@backup -p "$PASS" -command "cat > /srv/src.tgz"
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tar czf - ./src | golink root@backup -p "$PASS" -command "cat > /srv/src.tgz"
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# 把远端输出接进本地管道
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# pipe remote output into a local filter
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golink db@10.0.0.9 -p "$PASS" -command "cat /var/log/app.log" | grep ERROR
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golink db@10.0.0.9 -p "$PASS" -command "cat /var/log/app.log" | grep ERROR
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# 密钥登录(OpenSSH 格式私钥)
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# key auth (OpenSSH private key, no passphrase)
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golink ops@bastion -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -command hostname
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golink ops@bastion -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -command hostname
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# 校验主机指纹,避免中间人
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# pin the host key fingerprint
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golink ops@10.0.0.7 -p "$PASS" -hostkey "$(ssh-keyscan -p 22 10.0.0.7 2>/dev/null | ssh-keygen -lf - | awk '{print $2}')" -command true
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golink ops@10.0.0.7 -p "$PASS" -hostkey "$(ssh-keyscan -p 22 10.0.0.7 2>/dev/null | ssh-keygen -lf - | awk '{print $2}')" -command true
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# 命令也可以当位置参数跟在后面(plink 风格)
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# the command may also be trailing positional arguments, plink style
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golink ops@web1 -p "$PASS" systemctl status nginx
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golink ops@web1 -p "$PASS" systemctl status nginx
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```
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```
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### 参数
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### Flags
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| 参数 | 默认 | 说明 |
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| Flag | Default | Meaning |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | 空 | SSH 密码;也可以用环境变量 `GOLINK_PASSWORD` |
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| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | empty | SSH password; `GOLINK_PASSWORD` works too |
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| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH 端口;也可以写在目标里 `host:2222` |
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| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH port; `host:2222` in the target also works |
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| `-l` | 空 | 登录用户,等价于 `user@host` 里的 user |
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| `-l` | empty | login user, alternative to `user@host` |
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| `-command` | 空 | 远端执行的命令;后面的位置参数会自动拼上去 |
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| `-command` | empty | command to run; trailing positional arguments are appended |
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| `-i` | 空 | OpenSSH 格式私钥文件(不支持带口令的私钥,见下) |
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| `-i` | empty | OpenSSH private key file (no passphrase, see below) |
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| `-knownhosts` | 空 | known_hosts 文件;未知或变更的主机密钥直接失败,不会提示 |
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| `-knownhosts` | empty | known_hosts file; unknown or changed keys fail, never prompt |
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| `-hostkey` | 空 | 要求的主机指纹,`SHA256:...` 或 MD5 均可 |
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| `-hostkey` | empty | required host key fingerprint, `SHA256:...` or MD5 |
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| `-timeout` | 15s | 只覆盖「建连 + 握手 + 认证」,命令跑多久都不受它限制 |
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| `-timeout` | 15s | covers connect, handshake and authentication only, never the command |
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| `-v` | 关 | 把连接、主机指纹、认证过程打到 stderr,不污染 stdout |
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| `-v` | off | connection diagnostics on stderr |
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| `-version` / `-h` | | 版本 / 帮助 |
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| `-version` / `-h` | | version / help |
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目标写法支持 `user@host`、`user@host:2222`、`[::1]:2222`。
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Targets accept `user@host`, `user@host:2222` and `[::1]:2222`.
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### 退出码
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### Exit status
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| 退出码 | 含义 |
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| Code | Meaning |
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| --- | --- |
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| --- | --- |
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| 0-255 | 远端命令的退出码原样返回(被信号杀死时按 shell 惯例返回 128+信号,如 SIGTERM → 143) |
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| 0-255 | the remote command's status, passed through (a killed command reports 128+signal, so SIGTERM gives 143) |
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| 2 | 用法错误:参数写错、没写用户、没写命令、没给任何凭据 |
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| 2 | usage error: bad flag, missing user, missing command, no credentials |
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| 255 | 连接、主机密钥或认证失败(和 OpenSSH 一致) |
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| 255 | connection, host key or authentication failure (same convention as OpenSSH) |
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stdout 只放远端命令的标准输出,远端 stderr 走本地 stderr,`-v` 的诊断信息也走 stderr,
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所以 `golink ... | ...` 和 `golink ... > out.txt` 都是安全的。
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### 多平台二进制
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| 文件 | 平台 |
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| --- | --- |
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| `dist/golink_linux_amd64` | Linux x86-64 |
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| `dist/golink_linux_arm64` | Linux ARM64 |
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| `dist/golink_darwin_amd64` | macOS Intel |
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| `dist/golink_darwin_arm64` | macOS Apple Silicon |
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| `dist/golink_windows_amd64.exe` | Windows x86-64 |
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| `dist/golink_windows_arm64.exe` | Windows ARM64 |
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都是 `CGO_ENABLED=0` 的静态二进制,`chmod +x` 就能用;`dist/SHA256SUMS` 里有校验和。
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### 重新编译
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```bash
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./build.sh # 六个平台全部编译到 dist/
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./build.sh local # 只编当前平台,产出 dist/golink
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VERSION=1.2.3 ./build.sh
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```
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唯一的依赖是 `golang.org/x/crypto`(本地 module cache 里已经有 v0.41.0),所以**离线也能编译**。
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注意 build.sh 默认把 `GOCACHE` 指到仓库内的 `.gocache/`:某些受限环境里 `~/.cache/go-build`
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是只读的,不换目录 go 会以非零码退出。
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### 自测
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```bash
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./smoketest/run.sh
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```
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38 项端到端检查,全部在本地跑,不需要外网。它会编译一个自带的迷你 sshd
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(`smoketest/sshd`,支持 password / keyboard-interactive / publickey 三种认证),然后逐个
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验证:参数顺序、stdin 管道、20 万字节回传、退出码透传(含 143/137)、stdout/stderr 分离、
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主机指纹校验、known_hosts、错误密码快速失败、加密私钥报错、键盘交互登录等。
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每个用例都关掉 stdin 并加了超时——只要哪里会等待交互输入,测试就会挂掉。
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### Windows 提示
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- cmd 里中文乱码:先 `chcp 65001`;PowerShell 7 一般没问题。
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- 退出码在 cmd 里看 `%ERRORLEVEL%`,PowerShell 里看 `$LASTEXITCODE`。
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- 首次运行可能被 SmartScreen / 杀软拦,需要放行。
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### 主机密钥策略(重要)
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默认**不校验**主机密钥(`InsecureIgnoreHostKey`),因为脚本无法回答「是否信任这台主机」的
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交互提示——这跟 plink `-batch` 的取舍是一样的,代价是理论上可被中间人攻击。要防这一手:
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- `-hostkey SHA256:xxxx`:写死指纹,不匹配就拒绝;
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- `-knownhosts ~/.ssh/known_hosts`:未知或变更直接失败,绝不提示。
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### 安全提示
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密码写在命令行会出现在 `ps` 和 shell history 里(plink 的 `-pw` 同样如此)。写脚本时更推荐
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`GOLINK_PASSWORD` 环境变量或 `-i` 密钥。带口令的私钥不支持:golink 不会交互式提问,遇到会
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直接报错并提示先用 `ssh-keygen -p` 去掉口令。
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### 目录结构
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```
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cmd/golink/ 命令行入口:参数、退出码映射
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internal/cli/ 参数重排(让 flag 可以出现在任意位置)
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internal/sshx/ 建连、认证、主机密钥策略(后续工具复用)
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smoketest/sshd/ 测试用迷你 SSH 服务端
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smoketest/run.sh 端到端测试
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build.sh 交叉编译脚本
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dist/ 产物
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```
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---
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## goscp
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## goscp
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|
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把本地文件或目录传到远端,走 SCP 协议(远端跑 `scp -t`),不依赖 SFTP 子系统。
|
Copy local files and directories to a remote host with the SCP protocol. The
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remote side runs `scp -t`, so no SFTP subsystem is required.
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```bash
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```bash
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goscp [flags] [user@]host[:port] -files "dir or file" [-files ...] [-dest /remote/dir]
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goscp [flags] [user@]host[:port] -files "dir or file" [-files ...] [-dest /remote/dir]
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```
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```
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### 示例
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One flag handles both files and directories: `-files` inspects the path and
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either sends a single entry or walks the tree. There is no `-r` switch and no
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separate mode.
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||||||
|
### Examples
|
||||||
|
|
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```bash
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```bash
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# 传一个文件到远端家目录
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# one file, into the remote user's home directory
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goscp jarue@172.19.4.240 -p jarue -port 22 -files "build/output.bin"
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goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -port 22 -files "build/output.bin"
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# 传整个目录到指定位置(远端目录不存在会自动建)
|
# a whole directory, into a specific place (created when missing)
|
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goscp jarue@172.19.4.240 -p jarue -files "build" -dest /home/jarue/app
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goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files "build" -dest /home/user/app
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|
|
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# 多个文件
|
# several files, either repeated or trailing
|
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goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files a.txt -files b.txt -dest /srv/in
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goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files a.txt -files b.txt -dest /srv/in
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goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files a.txt b.txt -dest /srv/in
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# 密码走环境变量
|
# password from the environment
|
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GOSCP_PASSWORD='secret' goscp user@host -files ./dist/
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GOSCP_PASSWORD='secret' goscp user@host -files ./dist/
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```
|
```
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||||||
|
|
||||||
### 参数
|
### Flags
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| 参数 | 默认 | 说明 |
|
| Flag | Default | Meaning |
|
||||||
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||||||
| `-files` | 空 | 要上传的本地文件**或目录**,同一套参数自动识别;可重复,尾随位置参数也算 |
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| `-files` | empty | local file **or** directory, detected automatically; repeatable, trailing arguments count too |
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||||||
| `-dest` | 远端家目录 | 远端目标目录,不存在会自动 `mkdir -p` |
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| `-dest` | remote home | remote target directory, created with `mkdir -p` when missing |
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| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | 空 | SSH 密码;也可用 `GOSCP_PASSWORD` / `GOLINK_PASSWORD` |
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| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | empty | SSH password; `GOSCP_PASSWORD` or `GOLINK_PASSWORD` |
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| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH 端口 |
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| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH port |
|
||||||
| `-l` | 空 | 登录用户 |
|
| `-l` | empty | login user |
|
||||||
| `-i` | 空 | OpenSSH 格式私钥 |
|
| `-i` | empty | OpenSSH private key |
|
||||||
| `-knownhosts` | 空 | known_hosts 文件;未知或变更直接失败 |
|
| `-knownhosts` / `-hostkey` | empty | host key policy |
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||||||
| `-hostkey` | 空 | 要求的主机指纹 |
|
| `-timeout` | 15s | connect and authentication, not the transfer |
|
||||||
| `-timeout` | 15s | 建连 + 认证超时,不含传输 |
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| `-v` | off | list every entry as it is sent |
|
||||||
| `-v` | 关 | 逐条列出上传的文件和大小 |
|
| `-q` | off | no summary line on stderr |
|
||||||
| `-q` | 关 | 不打印最后那行汇总 |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 退出码
|
### Exit status
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| 退出码 | 含义 |
|
| Code | Meaning |
|
||||||
| --- | --- |
|
| --- | --- |
|
||||||
| 0 | 全部成功 |
|
| 0 | everything was copied |
|
||||||
| 1 | 传输失败(本地路径不存在、远端 scp 报错、权限不足) |
|
| 1 | transfer failed: missing local path, remote scp error, permission denied |
|
||||||
| 2 | 用法错误(参数、目标、没给文件、没给凭据) |
|
| 2 | usage error |
|
||||||
| 255 | 连接、主机密钥或认证失败 |
|
| 255 | connection, host key or authentication failure |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 行为说明
|
### Behaviour
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- **文件和目录同一条命令**:`-files` 给什么就传什么,目录自动递归,不需要 `-r` 之类的开关
|
- directories keep their name and relative structure: `-files build -dest /srv` gives `/srv/build/...`
|
||||||
- 目录保留相对结构:`-files build -dest /srv` → `/srv/build/...`
|
- permissions: regular files 0644 (0755 when the local file is executable), directories 0755
|
||||||
- 权限:普通文件 0644,本地本身有执行位的保持 0755,目录 0755
|
- symlinks named on the command line are followed; symlinks met inside a tree are skipped with a warning
|
||||||
- 符号链接:命令行上直接点名的会跟随;目录内部遇到的跳过并在 stderr 提示
|
- file names may contain spaces; newlines are rejected
|
||||||
- 文件名含空格没问题(SCP 头按行解析);含换行的不支持
|
- the transfer is streamed and verified byte for byte in the test suite
|
||||||
- 传输是流式的,1 MiB 文件实测逐字节一致
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 还没做
|
## Host key policy
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 下载方向(远端 → 本地)
|
Host keys are **not** verified by default. A script cannot answer "do you trust
|
||||||
- 断点续传、并行传输、进速显示
|
this host", so the tools behave like `plink -batch`: they accept the key and
|
||||||
- SFTP 后端(需要额外依赖,目前零依赖)
|
continue. The trade-off is a theoretical man-in-the-middle.
|
||||||
- 跳板机(`-J`)、端口转发、交互式 shell / pty
|
|
||||||
|
Pin it when it matters:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `-hostkey SHA256:...` -- fail unless the fingerprint matches;
|
||||||
|
- `-knownhosts ~/.ssh/known_hosts` -- unknown or changed keys fail, never prompt.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Security notes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A password on the command line is visible in `ps` and the shell history, exactly
|
||||||
|
like `plink -pw`. Prefer `GOLINK_PASSWORD` / `GOSCP_PASSWORD` or `-i`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Passphrase-protected keys are rejected with an explanatory error: these tools
|
||||||
|
never prompt, so decrypt the key once with `ssh-keygen -p` instead.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Building
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./build.sh # every program for every platform, into dist/
|
||||||
|
./build.sh local # only the host platform
|
||||||
|
VERSION=1.2.3 ./build.sh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The only dependency is `golang.org/x/crypto`, so an offline build works as long
|
||||||
|
as the module cache is populated. `build.sh` points `GOCACHE` at the in-repo
|
||||||
|
`.gocache/` directory, because some sandboxes mount `~/.cache/go-build` read-only.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Pushing a `v*` tag makes GitHub Actions run both test suites, cross-compile
|
||||||
|
everything and attach the binaries to the GitHub release. Gitea also discovers
|
||||||
|
`.github/workflows`, so the jobs carry an explicit
|
||||||
|
`if: github.server_url == 'https://github.com'` guard and stay idle there.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Testing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./smoketest/run.sh # golink, 38 checks
|
||||||
|
./smoketest/run-goscp.sh # goscp, 19 checks
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Both suites are fully local: they build a miniature sshd (`smoketest/sshd`,
|
||||||
|
supporting password, keyboard-interactive and public-key auth) and drive it over
|
||||||
|
loopback. Every case runs with stdin closed and a watchdog, so any attempt to
|
||||||
|
wait for interactive input shows up as a failure rather than a hang.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
cmd/golink/ golink entry point: flags, exit status mapping
|
||||||
|
cmd/goscp/ goscp entry point
|
||||||
|
internal/cli/ argv reordering so flags work anywhere
|
||||||
|
internal/sshx/ dial, authentication, host key policy
|
||||||
|
internal/scp/ SCP wire protocol, client side
|
||||||
|
smoketest/sshd/ miniature SSH server used by the tests
|
||||||
|
smoketest/run.sh golink end-to-end suite
|
||||||
|
smoketest/run-goscp.sh
|
||||||
|
build.sh cross-compilation for six targets
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Not implemented
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- download direction for goscp (remote to local)
|
||||||
|
- resume, parallel transfers, progress
|
||||||
|
- an SFTP backend (would add a dependency; SCP keeps the binary self-contained)
|
||||||
|
- jump hosts (`-J`), port forwarding, interactive shells / pty
|
||||||
|
|||||||
+227
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
|
|||||||
|
# sshtools
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
面向脚本的非交互 SSH 命令行工具:**golink** 对应 PuTTY 的 `plink`,**goscp** 对应 `pscp` 的上传方向。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
纯 Go、`CGO_ENABLED=0`,每个平台一个静态二进制。SSH 协议栈和全部密码学(RSA、ECDSA、Ed25519、
|
||||||
|
AES-GCM、ChaCha20-Poly1305、SHA-2)都是 Go 自己的实现,编译进二进制里 —— 不链接系统 OpenSSL,
|
||||||
|
也不需要额外安装任何东西。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[English](README.md) | **简体中文**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 安装
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
从 [最新发布](../../releases/latest) 下载对应平台的二进制,`chmod +x` 即可。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 平台 | golink | goscp |
|
||||||
|
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||||||
|
| Windows x86-64 | `golink_windows_amd64.exe` | `goscp_windows_amd64.exe` |
|
||||||
|
| Windows ARM64 | `golink_windows_arm64.exe` | `goscp_windows_arm64.exe` |
|
||||||
|
| Linux x86-64 | `golink_linux_amd64` | `goscp_linux_amd64` |
|
||||||
|
| Linux ARM64 | `golink_linux_arm64` | `goscp_linux_arm64` |
|
||||||
|
| macOS Intel | `golink_darwin_amd64` | `goscp_darwin_amd64` |
|
||||||
|
| macOS Apple Silicon | `golink_darwin_arm64` | `goscp_darwin_arm64` |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
每次发布都附带 `SHA256SUMS`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
macOS 上从网上下载的二进制带 quarantine 属性,执行一次
|
||||||
|
`xattr -d com.apple.quarantine ./golink` 即可。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 两个工具共同遵守的约定
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 从不提示:不问密码、不问主机密钥、不问任何东西;
|
||||||
|
- 从不分配终端,也不打开交互式 shell;
|
||||||
|
- stdout 只放远端程序的标准输出,诊断信息一律走 stderr;
|
||||||
|
- 退出码有明确含义(见下文);
|
||||||
|
- 所有凭据都要提前给,所以可以放心放进 cron 和 CI。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## golink
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
连上去、跑一条命令、把远端退出码原样带回来。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
golink user@host -p "password" -port 22 -command "command"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Go 标准库的 `flag` 遇到第一个位置参数就停止解析,所以 golink 在解析前把 `argv` 重排了一遍:
|
||||||
|
目标在最前、最后、或者中间都行,flag 的顺序也无所谓。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 最普通的一条
|
||||||
|
golink root@10.0.0.5 -p 'secret' -port 22 -command "uptime && df -h"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 密码走环境变量,不出现在 ps 和 shell history 里
|
||||||
|
GOLINK_PASSWORD='secret' golink deploy@web1 -command "systemctl restart nginx"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 远端退出码原样返回,脚本里可以直接判断
|
||||||
|
if golink ci@build1 -p "$PASS" -command "make test"; then echo 通过; else echo "失败: $?"; fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 本地 stdin 直接喂给远端命令
|
||||||
|
tar czf - ./src | golink root@backup -p "$PASS" -command "cat > /srv/src.tgz"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 把远端输出接进本地管道
|
||||||
|
golink db@10.0.0.9 -p "$PASS" -command "cat /var/log/app.log" | grep ERROR
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 密钥登录(OpenSSH 格式私钥)
|
||||||
|
golink ops@bastion -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -command hostname
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 写死主机指纹,避免中间人
|
||||||
|
golink ops@10.0.0.7 -p "$PASS" -hostkey "$(ssh-keyscan -p 22 10.0.0.7 2>/dev/null | ssh-keygen -lf - | awk '{print $2}')" -command true
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 命令也可以当位置参数跟在后面(plink 风格)
|
||||||
|
golink ops@web1 -p "$PASS" systemctl status nginx
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 参数
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 参数 | 默认 | 说明 |
|
||||||
|
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||||||
|
| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | 空 | SSH 密码;也可以用环境变量 `GOLINK_PASSWORD` |
|
||||||
|
| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH 端口;也可以写在目标里 `host:2222` |
|
||||||
|
| `-l` | 空 | 登录用户,等价于 `user@host` 里的 user |
|
||||||
|
| `-command` | 空 | 远端执行的命令;后面的位置参数会自动拼上去 |
|
||||||
|
| `-i` | 空 | OpenSSH 格式私钥文件(不支持带口令的私钥,见下) |
|
||||||
|
| `-knownhosts` | 空 | known_hosts 文件;未知或变更的主机密钥直接失败,不会提示 |
|
||||||
|
| `-hostkey` | 空 | 要求的主机指纹,`SHA256:...` 或 MD5 均可 |
|
||||||
|
| `-timeout` | 15s | 只覆盖「建连 + 握手 + 认证」,命令跑多久都不受它限制 |
|
||||||
|
| `-v` | 关 | 把连接、主机指纹、认证过程打到 stderr,不污染 stdout |
|
||||||
|
| `-version` / `-h` | | 版本 / 帮助 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
目标写法支持 `user@host`、`user@host:2222`、`[::1]:2222`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 退出码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 退出码 | 含义 |
|
||||||
|
| --- | --- |
|
||||||
|
| 0-255 | 远端命令的退出码原样返回(被信号杀死时按 shell 惯例返回 128+信号,如 SIGTERM → 143) |
|
||||||
|
| 2 | 用法错误:参数写错、没写用户、没写命令、没给任何凭据 |
|
||||||
|
| 255 | 连接、主机密钥或认证失败(和 OpenSSH 一致) |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
stdout 只放远端命令的标准输出,远端 stderr 走本地 stderr,`-v` 的诊断信息也走 stderr,
|
||||||
|
所以 `golink ... | ...` 和 `golink ... > out.txt` 都是安全的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## goscp
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
把本地文件或目录传到远端,走 SCP 协议(远端跑 `scp -t`),不依赖 SFTP 子系统。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
goscp [flags] [user@]host[:port] -files "dir or file" [-files ...] [-dest /remote/dir]
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
一个 `-files` 同时管文件和目录:它看路径本身,是文件就发一个条目,是目录就递归整棵树。
|
||||||
|
没有 `-r` 开关,也没有第二种模式。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 传一个文件到远端家目录
|
||||||
|
goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -port 22 -files "build/output.bin"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 传整个目录到指定位置(远端目录不存在会自动建)
|
||||||
|
goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files "build" -dest /home/user/app
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 多个文件:重复写,或者跟在后头
|
||||||
|
goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files a.txt -files b.txt -dest /srv/in
|
||||||
|
goscp user@host -p "$PASS" -files a.txt b.txt -dest /srv/in
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 密码走环境变量
|
||||||
|
GOSCP_PASSWORD='secret' goscp user@host -files ./dist/
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 参数
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 参数 | 默认 | 说明 |
|
||||||
|
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||||||
|
| `-files` | 空 | 要上传的本地文件**或目录**,自动识别;可重复,尾随位置参数也算 |
|
||||||
|
| `-dest` | 远端家目录 | 远端目标目录,不存在会自动 `mkdir -p` |
|
||||||
|
| `-p` / `-password` / `-pw` | 空 | SSH 密码;也可用 `GOSCP_PASSWORD` / `GOLINK_PASSWORD` |
|
||||||
|
| `-port` / `-P` | 22 | SSH 端口 |
|
||||||
|
| `-l` | 空 | 登录用户 |
|
||||||
|
| `-i` | 空 | OpenSSH 格式私钥 |
|
||||||
|
| `-knownhosts` / `-hostkey` | 空 | 主机密钥策略 |
|
||||||
|
| `-timeout` | 15s | 建连 + 认证超时,不含传输 |
|
||||||
|
| `-v` | 关 | 逐条列出上传的文件和大小 |
|
||||||
|
| `-q` | 关 | 不打印最后那行汇总 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 退出码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 退出码 | 含义 |
|
||||||
|
| --- | --- |
|
||||||
|
| 0 | 全部成功 |
|
||||||
|
| 1 | 传输失败(本地路径不存在、远端 scp 报错、权限不足) |
|
||||||
|
| 2 | 用法错误(参数、目标、没给文件、没给凭据) |
|
||||||
|
| 255 | 连接、主机密钥或认证失败 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 行为说明
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 目录保留名字和相对结构:`-files build -dest /srv` → `/srv/build/...`
|
||||||
|
- 权限:普通文件 0644(本地有执行位则 0755),目录 0755
|
||||||
|
- 符号链接:命令行上直接点名的会跟随;目录内部遇到的跳过并在 stderr 提示
|
||||||
|
- 文件名含空格没问题;含换行的不支持
|
||||||
|
- 传输是流式的,测试里逐字节校验过
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 主机密钥策略(重要)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
默认**不校验**主机密钥。脚本无法回答「是否信任这台主机」,所以行为等同 `plink -batch`:
|
||||||
|
接受并继续,代价是理论上可被中间人攻击。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在意的话就钉死:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `-hostkey SHA256:...` —— 指纹不符直接失败;
|
||||||
|
- `-knownhosts ~/.ssh/known_hosts` —— 未知或变更直接失败,绝不提示。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 安全提示
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
密码写在命令行会出现在 `ps` 和 shell history 里,和 `plink -pw` 一样。优先用
|
||||||
|
`GOLINK_PASSWORD` / `GOSCP_PASSWORD` 或 `-i` 密钥。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
带口令的私钥会被明确拒绝并给出提示:这两个工具从不交互提问,请先用 `ssh-keygen -p`
|
||||||
|
去掉口令。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 编译
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./build.sh # 所有程序 × 所有平台,产物在 dist/
|
||||||
|
./build.sh local # 只编当前平台
|
||||||
|
VERSION=1.2.3 ./build.sh
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
唯一的依赖是 `golang.org/x/crypto`,只要 module cache 有货,离线也能编。
|
||||||
|
`build.sh` 把 `GOCACHE` 指到仓库内的 `.gocache/`,因为有些沙箱里 `~/.cache/go-build` 是只读的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
推一个 `v*` tag 会触发 GitHub Actions:先跑两套测试,再交叉编译并把二进制挂到 GitHub Release。
|
||||||
|
Gitea 也会识别 `.github/workflows`,所以 job 里带了
|
||||||
|
`if: github.server_url == 'https://github.com'` 的判断,在 Gitea 上保持空转。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 自测
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
./smoketest/run.sh # golink,38 项
|
||||||
|
./smoketest/run-goscp.sh # goscp,19 项
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
两套都在本地跑:编一个迷你 sshd(`smoketest/sshd`,支持 password / keyboard-interactive /
|
||||||
|
publickey 三种认证),通过回环驱动。每个用例都关掉 stdin 并加了超时,任何等待交互输入的行为
|
||||||
|
都会表现为失败而不是挂起。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 目录结构
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
cmd/golink/ 命令行入口:参数、退出码映射
|
||||||
|
cmd/goscp/ 命令行入口
|
||||||
|
internal/cli/ 参数重排,让 flag 可以出现在任意位置
|
||||||
|
internal/sshx/ 建连、认证、主机密钥策略
|
||||||
|
internal/scp/ SCP 协议客户端
|
||||||
|
smoketest/sshd/ 测试用迷你 SSH 服务端
|
||||||
|
smoketest/run.sh golink 端到端测试
|
||||||
|
smoketest/run-goscp.sh
|
||||||
|
build.sh 六个目标的交叉编译
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 还没做
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- goscp 的下载方向(远端 → 本地)
|
||||||
|
- 断点续传、并行传输、进度显示
|
||||||
|
- SFTP 后端(会引入依赖,目前 SCP 让二进制保持自包含)
|
||||||
|
- 跳板机(`-J`)、端口转发、交互式 shell / pty
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user